Professional and Linguistic Assessments Board (PLAB) Practice Exam

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Which type of lymphoma is commonly associated with HIV?

Hodgkin lymphoma
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Burkitt lymphoma
T-cell lymphoma

The correct answer is: Non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is notably associated with HIV due to the immunocompromised state that the virus induces in patients. HIV attacks CD4 T-cells, thus weakening the immune system and making individuals more susceptible to various types of cancers, including lymphomas. Specifically, the risk of developing Non-Hodgkin lymphoma increases significantly in HIV-positive individuals because certain subtypes of Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, such as diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and primary central nervous system lymphoma, are frequently seen in these patients. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma encompasses a diverse group of blood cancers that include both aggressive and indolent forms, which can be particularly common in those with chronic immunocompromised conditions like HIV/AIDS. The other types listed, while they too may be seen in such contexts, do not have the same established association with HIV as Non-Hodgkin lymphoma.