Professional and Linguistic Assessments Board (PLAB) Practice Exam

What is a common treatment option for Addison's disease?

1. Thyroid hormone replacement

2. Daily glucocorticoids

3. Insulin therapy

4. Antithyroid medications

The correct answer is: Daily glucocorticoids

Daily glucocorticoids are the primary treatment for Addison's disease, which is a condition characterized by insufficient production of adrenal hormones, particularly cortisol and aldosterone. Patients with Addison's disease require lifelong hormone replacement therapy to manage their symptoms and prevent adrenal crisis, which can occur if the body is under physical stress or if there is a sudden increase in demand for cortisol. Glucocorticoids such as hydrocortisone or prednisone serve as the replacement therapy to normalize cortisol levels, thereby improving symptoms like fatigue, weight loss, and low blood pressure, and helping to maintain homeostasis in the body. The dose can be adjusted based on the individual's needs, particularly during periods of stress. The other treatment options mentioned are not relevant for Addison's disease. Thyroid hormone replacement is used for hypothyroidism, insulin therapy is pertinent for diabetes management, and antithyroid medications are typically utilized in the treatment of hyperthyroidism. Therefore, daily glucocorticoids are essential for managing Addison's disease effectively.